Hajj is the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, obligatory for all Muslims who are physically and financially able to perform it at least once in their lifetime. Umrah is a lesser pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year.

Any mentally and physically capable adult Muslim who can afford the journey financially is obligated to perform Hajj once in their lifetime. Umrah, while recommended, is not obligatory and can be performed by anyone at any time.

Hajj involves several rituals, including Tawaf (circumambulation) around the Kaaba, Sa'i (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwah), and spending time at Mount Arafat. Umrah rituals include Tawaf, Sa'i, and shaving or trimming the hair.

Hajj is performed during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, while Umrah can be performed at any time of the year. However, certain times, such as the month of Ramadan, are considered more auspicious for Umrah.

Prerequisites include being a Muslim, being mentally and physically capable, and having sufficient financial means. Additionally, one must be in a state of Ihram (ritual consecration) before entering the sacred precincts of Mecca.

Preparation includes learning about the rituals, ensuring one's physical health, arranging travel and accommodation, obtaining necessary travel documents, and familiarizing oneself with the rules and etiquette of Hajj/Umrah.

Hajj is a demonstration of unity and equality among Muslims, commemorating the actions of Prophet Abraham and his family. Umrah is a spiritual journey that allows Muslims to seek forgiveness and blessings from Allah.

Yes, women are equally obligated to perform Hajj if they meet the criteria of capability and financial means. They can also perform Umrah at any time of the year, observing the guidelines related to modesty and behaviour.

Seek medical attention immediately. It is also advisable to carry necessary medications and maintain personal hygiene to prevent illness.

Stay calm and seek assistance from local authorities or fellow pilgrims. It's recommended to have a designated meeting point and keep a means of communication with your group members.